Improvement in machines for sawing, boring, and mortising



LEVI J. VALLIGII, 0F KNOXVILLE, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR SAWING, BORING, AND MORTISING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. liinO'w, dated Novemberl5, 1864.

`ing a part of this specification, of which-- Figure l is side elevationof my machine; Fig. 2, a front elevation of same; Fig. 3, a front viewof my mortisin g and boring apparatus detached from the machine; lFigA,a side view of same.

Like letters in all figures of the drawings indicate correspondingparts.

The nature of my invention consists in the construction of a lightportable machine, whereby the functions of sawing, boring, and mortisingposts, and boring post-holes are combined, the sawing and boring, orboring and mortisin g apparatuses being so arranged and adapted to themachine that any two of them, for facility and dispatch, may be workedsimultaneously, or by disconnecting the one from the other may beperformed separatelyas, for instance, while the saw is cutting the postto any desired length the ground-auger is preparing the hole for thesame. By removing the latter and attaching the boring and mort-isin gapparatus, the mortises ,are pre pared to receive the fencingbars, butin order to lighten the labor that would be required iu performing twooperations any one may be donc separately,

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe its construction and operation.

I have a platform or truck, A, whose side timber pieces havehandle-shaped ends on the front part of them, with adjustable legs a' a,and wheels c' a on the back. The legs are tenoned of a sufiicient lengthand project through inortises in the timber pieces and made secure bypins, two or more holes being made on the tenons, so that the platformand its appurtenances may be adapted to uneven surfaces of ground(thereby steadyingthe ma chine) by changing the pins from one hole toanother. The wheels are made adjustable in the same manner. Secured tothe timber pieces of the platform near the back part of them, andproperly braced, are longitudinal u pri ghts B B, on the front sides ofwhich are metallic plates G C. rIhefront outside edges of the uprights,between them and the plates, are rabbeted,forming a groove to receivethe tongued cleats or clamps c c of the gate or frame C', for thepurpose of holding and enabling the same to slide in an upward anddownward direction.

About the 'center of the gate is the drivingsha-ftl), which drives theupper cranked shaft, E, (by means of suitable cog-wheels to the right-,)thereby operating the saw when the ratchet-wheel to the left on thedriving-shaft is placed in gear, which is done by a movable guide-bar,b, above, embracing a ange or ear on the wheel. Joined to the maincog-wheel on the drivin g-shaft is a beveled one, which drives eitherthe ground angers F, or the wood angers L L L, by means of a horizontalone. By removing the upper cranked shaft to which the saw apparatus isattached, the operation of boring the earth or boring and mortising woodmay each be done by itself-that is, tLe one is disconnected from theother, and by removing the one or the other of the two latterapparatuses the sawing may be done alone, as seen clearly in Fig. 2.

@n the crank 'part of the upper shaft and attached thereto is a rod, G,connecting with an elbow-plate, G', every revolution of the shaft givinga reciprocating motion to the saw, which is kept perfectly steady andtrue by means of the elbow-plate (to which it is connected) sliding in abox, I, which is of a suit-- able form and length. This box is secured alittle oft' from the longitudinal uprights by four brace-rods, d d,extending the entire length ofthe box on its outer corners, to the upperand lower transverse pieces of the gate or frame, as seen clearly inFig. l.

A little to the right of the saw is the wood horse J, the front legs ofit resting on the axle ofthe adjustable wheels, the back ones on theground. It is kept steady by a bar, J', secured to and extending from itto the upright. where it is fastened. Secured to this bar and resting onthe front leg of the horse is the vertical notched or hooked bar J", thenotches being seenin Fig. 2 in dotted lines.

A post or log of wood being placed on the horse, the lever J which issecured near the top of the front leg of the horsethat part of it whichembraces the post or log of wood being of a curved form and having acorrugated surface underneath to bite, as it were, and take hold of samewhen borne down, secures the post or log of wood tightly on the horsetheother end ofthe lever being caught and heldin one of the notches. Theteeth ofthe saw standing backward work. easy when drawn to the machine,and when driven forward the post or log of wood is marie tighter andmoresecure in the horse than it would otherwise be were the teethdifferent. p

The saw-horseandits appnrtances are so constructed that they may bereadily removed from the machine, if found desirable in transportation.It' the saw works hard by reason of the wood being tough or too soft, orother wise tatiguing the operator by the descending motion ofthe gatebeing too rapid, it is rem vedied by a weight, b, being connected by acord to one of the rods of the sliding box l and thrown over a pulley,l1', on the top of the npright frame, as seen in Figs. lh and 2, thusrelieving the operator and the straining of the saw.

I do not connue myself in the use of the saw to cutting posts, as it maybe used in cutting logs and nre-wood; but l prefer to use it in itsconnection with field-fencin g and in its combination with the boringapparatuses.

The ground or post auger F passes through the shaft K, as seen in Fig.2, and is then secured thereto. This shaft is secured to the lowerportion of the gate or frame at its ends by movable bearingplates. Letinor joined to the top side of it are two bars, ff, which eX- tend up asfar as the underneath surface of the horizontal cog-wheel on the augerand there connected by two plates, s s, being bolted together'. It isextended farther by being curved over the wheel, as seen in Fig. 1, andthen converges into a spring-bar, f. The auger extends a little belowthebottom of the platform, or at such proper distance as may be desired,and when the descending motion is given to the gate by means of thecrankhandle to the right, as seen in Fig. 2, the auger is driven down toa sufficient distance in the ground, thus making the hole required forthe post. It isthen carried upward, the ascending motion being given tothe gate by means of the balance-wheel to the left, and whatever dirtthere is remaining on the shank of the anger near the point is depositedseveral inches from the hole by the spring-barf/ being loosened from thecatch h and thrown down, brin gingthe auger to a nearly horizontalpositionit maybe brought entirely so-so that the saw may be used alone,thus obviating the necessity of a removal of the auger. This spring-barand its appendages shuts against a transverse bar, H, between thegatepieces. Thepeculiarcurved-formedguiderods g g extend from thetransverse bar and are secured thereto (to the lower one, H) in such amanner as to admit of their being easily removed. ,They contribute tosteady the auger when brought up or thrown down.

By removing the groundfauger apparatus and the guide-rods, which is doneby removing the .bearing-plates from the shaft, the boring and mortisingapparatus may be attached, as represented in Figs. 3 and 4.-, which lwill now proceed to describe.

l. have three angers, L L L, and four chisels, M M M M, suitablyarranged in a frame. The angers are placed in a line along side andseparated sufficiently as not to touch one another in their revolutions.They are let in and secured to the shaft o (by a bearing plate) at aproper distance from their respective points, and secured above by twoplates, N N, bolted together. On the top of the middle auger is ahorizontal beveled cog-wheel, P, with inverted cogs underneath, twosmall wheels of a propoltionall size in diameter on the tops of theouter ones fitting into them. In order to obviate the difficulty thatwould be experienced in boring if all three of the angers werescrew-pointed, the screw on the center one is retained and the outerones made smooth like the point of a center bit. Thus, while the centerone turns around half as fast as the adjacent ones, the smoothpointedones cut only half as fast, thereby equalizing the revolution of thethree angers in boring posts or other kinds of timber. 0n each side aretwo chisels, M M, each chisel being placed between the center and outerauger, so as to cnt ont that part of the wood left untouched by theangers. The chisels are secured to the outer edges of a plate, lm,underneath, the shaft, and project a sufficient distance below it toperform the part required of them, and again secured at the upper partsof them by another plate, u, (seen in dotted lines in Fig. 3,)in asimilar manner. The angers pass through these plates sufciently loose toadmit of an easy upward and downward move. The plates are iliade secureat their ends by rods, which are surrounded with spiral springs a a, forthe purpose of giving a proper degree of pressure to the chisels whendepressed by the lever Q, which is attached in a proper manner to aforked plate or bar, embracing the pivoted ends of the upper plate, n,as seen in dotted lines in Fig. 3. 0n the ends of the forked bar (towhich the lever is secured) are hooks p p. They are inserted in theholes p p', through the transverse bar H (seen in dotted lines in Fig.2) on the attachment of the apparatus, and serve to give a bearing tothat part of the lever in its connection with the transverse bar in adownward pressure, the chisels cleaning and mortising ont in aneffectual manner the parts untouched by the angers. If the angers workhard, by a too rapid descending motion of the gate or otherwise theweight may be used to relieve it, as in the case of the saw.

In order that the operator may be kept out of the mud or stand on a iirmbasis, a small platform, A', is hinged to the right side of the l i f fmain one and supported by an adjustable leg, et, and rod hooked to theside of the upright in a proper manner. When not in use, it may bethrown up out of the Way, as seen clearly in Fig. 2. 0n the back of theupright to the right is a spring-catch bar, c, which catches the uppertransverse bar of the gate underneath and holds it when not inoperation.

In the transportation ofthe machine, by drawing in the bar attached tothe Wood-horse and replacingthe pin in another hole, it will be raisedsnfiiciently from the ground, so that the machine may be Wheeled aboutlike a wheel-barrow by taking hold of the handleshaped ends of thetimber pieces of the plat form. For lightness, any one or all of theapparatuses may be removed with facility and ease.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

In a machine for boring and mortising posts, boring post-holes andsawing, the arrangement of the screw and smooth pointed angers L L L,chisels M M, and lever Q, and the arrangement of the ground-auger F,guides ff, and spring f', for throwing same up or down, and thearrangement ofthe notched lever J, bearing-lever J, Woodhorse J, and sawG', in combination with the gate C and frame B, substantially in themanner and for the purposes herein specied..

LEVI J. VALLICH.

Witnesses:

LEVI MAssIE, JOHN BABINGTON.

